| Article 34: Controlled Substance Custody | Mandatory recording of Schedule II–V dispensing with non-repudiation witness confirmation. | Dual-pharmacist electronic PIN/license authorization. Mathematically prevents negative stock balances. |
| Article 39: Expiry & FEFO Protocol | Dispensaries must enforce First-Expired-First-Out dispensing to prevent expired drug circulation. | Automated FEFO lot allocation at counter scanning; 90-day expiry radar routes slow stock to busy nodes. |
| Article 42: Cold-Chain Storage GSP | Continuous temperature validation for vaccines, insulins, and biological preparations (2°C–8°C). | Automated 5-minute IoT telemetry logging with SMS excursion alerts and exportable inspection graphs. |
| Article 47: Inter-Branch Transit | Drug movements between facility branches must maintain verifiable chain-of-custody documentation. | Two-stage requisition protocol: Request → Dispatch → Receive with batch verification at both nodes. |
| Article 51: Fiscal Regulatory Accounting | Electronic receipting compliant with standard 15% Ethiopian VAT and commercial institutional TINs. | Integrated Telebirr/CBE reconciliation, automatic VAT line computation, and institutional TIN accounting. |